Verb + ことは / ことが / ことを Meaning & Usage: “V-ing / to V” in Japanese

level3 (N3)

Introduction

Have you ever wanted to say “Exercising is good for your body,” “I’m bad at speaking in front of people,” or “I’m thinking about quitting my job” in Japanese?

When you want to turn a verb into something like “V-ing” or “to V”, Japanese often uses Verb + こと.


1. Meaning: What do ~ことは / ~ことが / ~ことを mean?

Verb + こと turns a verb into a noun-like expression.

So it can mean things like:

  • V-ing
  • to V
  • the act of V

Then you add particles such as , , or depending on the role in the sentence.

Core idea

  • Verb + ことは = “V-ing / to V” as the topic
  • Verb + ことが = “V-ing / to V” as the subject
  • Verb + ことを = “V-ing / to V” as the object

Compare:

  • 運動うんどうすることはからだにいい。
    Exercising is good for your body.
  • 人前ひとまえはなすことが苦手にがてだ。
    Speaking in front of people is difficult for me.
  • 会社かいしゃやめることをかんがえている。
    I am thinking about quitting my job.

In all of these, the verb phrase becomes a noun-like unit.


2. Formation

Verb (dictionary form) + こと + は / が / を

Example

PatternVerb~ことは / が / を
U-verbいく (to go)いくことは
いくことが
いくことを
Ru-verbたべる (to eat)たべることは
たべることが
たべることを
Irregular verbする (to do)することは
することが
することを
Irregular verbくる (to come)くることは
くることが
くることを

3. Useful Examples

~ことは

運動うんどうすることはからだにいい。
Exercising is good for your body.


日本人にほんじんはなすことは日本語にほんご勉強方法べんきょうほうほうだ。
Talking with Japanese people is a great way to learn Japanese.


~ことが

人前ひとまえはなすことが苦手にがてだ。
I am bad at speaking in front of people.


あたらしい単語たんごおぼえることがたのしい。
Learning new vocabulary is fun.


~ことを

会社かいしゃやめることをかんがえています。
I am thinking about quitting my job.


はや戦争せんそうわることをねがっています。
I hope the war ends soon.


4. Casual form: ~のは / ~のが / ~のを

In many cases, ~こと can be replaced with ~の.

This is especially common in casual conversation.

Compare:

EnglishJapanese
Exercise is good for your health.運動うんどうすることからだにいい。
運動するは体にいい。
I’m not good at speaking in front of people.人前ひとまえはなこと苦手にがてだ。
人前で話すが苦手だ。
I am thinking about quitting my job.会社かいしゃをやめることかんがえている。
会社をやめるを考えている。

A useful guideline

If you are speaking casually with friends, is often very natural.
If you are writing, explaining carefully, or speaking more formally, こと is often safer.


5. Important fixed expressions: use こと, not の

In some patterns, the form is fixed, so you must use こと.

1) Possibility: ことができる

日本語にほんごはなすことができる。(✕ 話すのができる)
I can speak Japanese.

2) Repeated occurrence: ことがある

寝坊ねぼうすることがある。(✕ 寝坊するのがある)
I sometimes oversleep.

3) Experience: past plain form + ことがある

寿司すしべたことがある。(✕ 食べたのがある)
I have eaten sushi before.

4) Decision: ことにする / ことになる

会社かいしゃをやめることにする。(✕ やめるのにする)
I will decide to quit my job.


These are set grammar patterns, so こと cannot be freely replaced with の.

6. Related grammar (comparison)

~こと。 / You should…

This grammar is used to give instructions, rules, or written directions. It is close to ~しなさい.

It means something like:

  • you should…
  • make sure to…

For example:

  • 明日あしたは9集合しゅうごうすること
    Be sure to gather at 9:00 tomorrow.
  • 携帯電話けいたいでんわ電源でんげんること
    Turn off your mobile phone.

7. Practice

Translate the following English into Japanese using ことは / ことが / ことを.

EnglishExample Answer
Studying every day is important.毎日勉強まいにちべんきょうすることは(が)大切たいせつだ。
Learning new kanji is fun.あたらしい漢字かんじおぼえることがたのしい。
I am thinking about changing jobs.転職てんしょくすることをかんがえている。

Conclusion

In this article, you learned how to use Verb + ことは / ことが / ことを to express “V-ing” or “to V” in Japanese.

With this grammar, you can now:

  • turn verbs into noun-like expressions more naturally,
  • use は / が / を depending on the role in the sentence,
  • and understand when こと can be replaced by , and when it must stay こと in fixed expressions like ことができる and ことにする.

Want to improve your Japanese with real conversations?

Our native Japanese instructors at gokigen japanese can help you perfect your pronunciation and learn real-life usage.

Whether you’re completely new to Japanese or looking to refine your skills, book a one-on-one session.


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