~ように (You ni) Meaning & Usage: How to Say “So That ~” in Japanese

level3 (N3)

Introduction

Have you ever wanted to say “so that I can wake up on time” or “so that everyone can hear” in Japanese?

For example:

  • How do you say “I sat at the front so I could hear the teacher better”?
  • How do you say “Write it down so you don’t forget”?
  • What do Japanese speakers use when they do something hoping a certain situation will come about?

When you want to express a goal you are hoping for rather than one you can simply carry out, JLPT N3 grammar ~ように (you ni) is the natural choice.


1. Meaning: What does ~ように mean?

In the pattern 「X ように Y」, the speaker does Y in the hope that the situation X will be achieved.

Common English equivalents:

  • so that ~
  • so that ~ can / will …
  • in order for ~ to happen
  • so as not to ~ (with the negative form)

Example:

先生せんせいこえがよくこえるようにまえのほうにすわった。
I sat near the front so that I could hear the teacher clearly.

The key idea: a hoped-for situation

X is not something you can just decide to do. It is a state or ability you want to come about, and Y is the concrete action you take to help it happen.

  • X = the hope: 「よくこえる」= to be able to hear well
  • Y = the action: 「まえのほうにすわった」= sat near the front

The two subjects can be different

A very useful feature of ~ように is that the person in X and the person doing Y do not have to be the same.

  • 田中たなかさんは、留学生りゅうがくせいがわかるように、いつもゆっくりはなしてくれる。
    Mr. Tanaka always speaks slowly so that the international students can understand.
    • X’s subject = 留学生りゅうがくせい / Y’s subject = 田中たなかさん

2. Formation

V辞書形じしょけい(dictionary form) + ように
Vないけい(nai form) + ように

  • える (to be visible) → 見えるように / 見えないように
  • わかる (to understand) → わかるように / わからないように
  • わすれる (to forget) → わすれないように
  • する (to do) → するように / しないように

Most important rule: X must be a non-volitional verb

X cannot be a verb describing an action you carry out by your own will. Instead, use verbs describing things outside your direct control:

  • Potential forms: ける、める、きられる、はなせる
  • Stative / spontaneous verbs: わかる、える、こえる、ある、いる
  • Intransitive verbs: がる、なおる、はいる、やわらかくなる
  • Negative forms: わすれない、おくれない、ちない

Compare:

やすみに旅行りょこうように、おかねをためています。
→ 行く is a volitional verb, so it cannot be used with ように.

やすみに旅行りょこう行けるように、おかねをためています。
I’m saving money so that I can go on a trip during the holidays.

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Practical tip: if the verb before ように feels like “I will do it,” switch it to its potential form (行く → 行ける) or use a negative (わすれる → 忘れない).

Y is often a request or instruction

Because ~ように states a purpose, the second half is frequently a command, request, or piece of advice.

Example:

わたしったことをわすれないように、すぐにノートにいてください
Please write down what I said right away so you don’t forget it.


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3. Useful Examples

① So that someone can do something

A: 明日あした朝早あさはやいんでしょ?ちゃんときられるように、もうなさい。
B: はーい。
A:
You have an early start tomorrow, right? Go to bed now so that you can get up on time.
B: Okay.


JLPTに合格ごうかくできるようにやすみの日本語にほんごを6時間勉強じかんべんきょうしています。
To pass the JLPT, I study Japanese for six hours on my days off.


② So that something does NOT happen

風邪かぜひかないようにあたたかくしてください。
Please keep warm so you don’t catch a cold.


約束やくそくおくれないようにはやめにいえた。
I left home early so I wouldn’t be late for the appointment.


授業中じゅぎょうちゅうないように、コーヒーをみました。
I drank coffee so as not to sleep in class.


③ When the two subjects are different

Situation: Emi is impressed by the beef stew Koki cooked.

Emi
Emi

このビーフシチュー、おいしい!
This beef stew is delicious!

Koki
Koki

よかった。にくやわらかくなるように昨日きのうばんから煮込にこんでおいたんだ。
Glad to hear it. I’d been simmering it since last night so that the meat would get tender.


うしろのひとにもえるようにおおきくいた。
I wrote in large letters so that the people at the back could see too.


4. Related grammar (comparison)

~ようになる

This pattern describes a change over time: “to come to do ~” or “to become able to ~.” It is not about purpose at all—it reports that a situation has changed.

Formation: Vる/V可能形かのうけい/Vない + ようになる

  • 毎日まいにち練習れんしゅうして、漢字かんじめるようになった。= I practiced every day and became able to read kanji.
  • 最近さいきん息子むすこ野菜やさいべるようになった。= These days my son has started eating vegetables.
  • タバコをわないようになった。= I stopped smoking (a change in habit).

Compare the two:

  • 漢字かんじめるように毎日まいにち練習れんしゅうしている。→ Purpose: I practice so that I can read kanji.
  • 漢字が読めるようになった。→ Result: I have become able to read kanji.

~ようにする

This pattern means “to make an effort to ~” or “to make a point of ~ing.” Here the speaker is describing their own conscious effort, so the verb can be volitional.

Formation: Vる/Vない + ようにする

  • 毎朝まいあさ6きるようにしています。= I make a point of getting up at six every morning.
  • 夜遅よるおそべないようにしている。= I try not to eat late at night.

Note the useful contrast:

  • ~ようにする = you make the effort (your own action).
  • ~ようになる = the situation changes (a result).
  • ~ように、Y = you do Y hoping the situation will come about (a purpose).

~ようにう/たの

ように is also used to report an instruction or request indirectly.

  • 先生せんせい学生がくせい宿題しゅくだいすようにいました。= The teacher told the students to hand in their homework.

5. Common Mistake: ように (you ni) vs. ために (tame ni)

Both express purpose, and both are often translated as “so that” or “in order to,” so learners mix them up constantly. ために tends to emphasize the subject’s determination to achieve the goal. There are two concrete rules that decide which one you need.

Rule 1: Type of verb

  • ように: takes verbs you cannot control (potential, stative, intransitive, negative).
  • ために: takes verbs expressing your own will.
  • やすみに旅行りょこう行くために、アルバイトをしています。(In order to go on a trip during the holidays, I’m working part-time.)
  • ❌ 休みに旅行に行けるために、アルバイトをしています。
  • ✅ 休みに旅行に行けるように、おかねをためています。
  • ❌ 休みに旅行に行くように、お金をためています。

Rule 2: Are the subjects the same?

  • ために: the subjects of both halves must be the same person.
  • ように: the subjects may be different.
  • ✅(わたしは)はやきるために、(わたしは)目覚めざまし時計どけいをセットした。(Same subject: 私 / 私)
  • ❌ ルームメイトがきるために、私は目覚まし時計をセットした。
  • ✅ ルームメイトがきられるように、私は目覚まし時計をセットした。(I set the alarm so my roommate could wake up.)

6. Practice

Translate the following English into Japanese using ~ように.

EnglishExample Answer
I sat near the front so that I could hear the teacher clearly.先生せんせいこえがよくこえるようにまえのほうにすわった。
Please write it down right away so you don’t forget.わすれないように、すぐにノートにいてください。
I’m saving money so that I can go on a trip during the holidays.やすみに旅行りょこうけるように、おかねをためています。

7. FAQ

Q
How do I decide between ように and ために?
A

Ask yourself one question: can I control the verb in front?

If it is something you simply decide to do (く、う、つくる), use ために. If it is an ability, a state, or a negative (ける、わかる、わすれない), use ように.

Second check: if the two halves have different subjects, only ように works.

Q
What is the difference between ようにする and ようになる?
A

する is an action you take; なる is a change that happens.

毎日まいにちあるようにしている = I make a point of walking every day. (my effort)

毎日まいにちあるようになった = I have come to walk every day. (the change that resulted)

Q
Can I use ように with adjectives or nouns?
A

Not directly. This ように attaches to verbs.

To express a hoped-for state with an adjective, turn it into a verb with なる: にくがやわらかくなるように、なが煮込にこんだ。/ 元気げんきになるように、よくた。

Note that ように also appears in a completely different pattern meaning “like / as” (とりのようにぶ = to fly like a bird), which does attach to nouns. Judge from context which one you are seeing.

Conclusion

In this article, you learned how to use ~ように (you ni) to say “so that ~”—doing one thing in the hope that another situation will come about.

With this grammar, you can now:

  • express a purpose using potential, stative, and negative verbs,
  • talk about doing something for someone else’s benefit,
  • and tell ように apart from ために, ようになる, and ようにする.
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