o-verb-stem-suru (お〜する): Kenjougo Humble Pattern for Polite Japanese

level2 (N4)
o-verb-stem-suru (お〜する): Kenjougo Humble Pattern for Polite Japanese
Source: gokigen japanese official YouTube Channel

Introduction

Need to say “I’ll call the client” or “Let me show you the document” without sounding pushy? In Japanese, when your action is directed towards someone above you (a superior, client, or customer), you use Kenjougo I (謙譲語I). This type of humble language focuses on lowering your own action to show respect to the person receiving or benefiting from that action.

In Japanese, when your action is directed toward someone above you, use the humble pattern お + verb-stem + する (or ご + stem + する for many する‐verbs). This keeps you modest while showing respect. Let’s learn how it works!

1. Structure & Meaning

Pattern: お + verb-stem + します
I (humbly) do … for you / toward you.

Plain / politeMeaningHumble with お〜する→お~しますTranslation
いますto meetお会いする
お会いします
I (humbly) meet you
りますto borrowお借りする
お借りします
I borrow from you
ちますto carryお持ちする
お持ちします
I carry (for you)

Some kanji + します verbs takes the prefix ご instead of お.

Plain / politeMeaningHumble with ご〜しますTranslation
説明せつめいしますto explainご説明しますI (humbly) explain
連絡れんらくしますto contactご連絡しますI (humbly) contact you
案内あんないしますto guide / showご案内しますI (humbly) guide you
gokigen penguin
gokigen penguin

This お/ご〜します pattern is a primary form of Kenjougo I. It’s used when your action (the subject being I or your in-group) is performed for or towards a person of higher status (the listener or another esteemed person).

2. How to Form It

  1. Take the ます-form of the verb and drop ます → verb-stem.
    e.g. もちます → もち
  2. Add before the stem (or for most する compounds).
    e.g. もち → おもち
  3. Add します (or other する conjugations).
    e.g. おもち → おもちします
Plain / politeMeaningHumble formTranslation
会いますto meetお会いしますI (humbly) meet you
借りますto borrowお借りしますI borrow from you
貸しますto lendお貸ししますI lend (to you)
待ちますto waitお待ちしますI wait (for you)
呼びますto callお呼びしますI call (you/someone)
連絡しますto contactご連絡しますI (humbly) contact you
届けますto deliverお届けしますI deliver (to you)
持ちますto carryお持ちしますI carry (for you)
送りますto sendお送りしますI send (to you)
説明しますto explainご説明しますI (humbly) explain
見せますto showお見せしますI (humbly) show you
助けますto helpお助けしますI (humbly) help you
紹介しますto introduceご紹介しますI (humbly) introduce

Negative & Past

  • Negative: お持ちしません
  • Past: お持ちしました
  • Past Negative: お持ちしませんでした

3. Example Sentences

客様きゃくさま荷物にもつちします
I will carry your luggage.


明日あした部長ぶちょう連絡れんらくします
I’ll contact the department manager tomorrow.


先生せんせいほんりしました
I borrowed a book from my teacher.


客様きゃくさまをテーブルに案内あんないします
Guide the customer to the table.


4. Practice Drill

Convert each plain sentence into the humble form.

Plain cueHumble answer
ここでもう少しお客様きゃくさまちます。
We’ll wait a little longer for the customer here.
ここでもう少しお客様をお待ちします
あしたの会議で部長ぶちょう説明せつめいします。
I’ll explain it to the department manager at tomorrow’s meeting.
あしたの会議で部長にご説明します
ただいま夕食を作ります。
I’m making dinner now.
ただいま夕食をお作りします
クライアントにメールをおくります。
I’ll send an email to the client.
クライアントにメールをお送りします

Challenge: Humble these yourself: ① お茶を出します。 ② お客様を案内します。

5. Common Mistakes

❌ WrongWhy it’s wrong✅ Fix
部長ぶちょう説明せつめいしますPlain verb—too direct.部長にご説明します
I’ll explain it to the department manager.
客様きゃくさまかさしますLacks humility.お客様、傘をお貸しします
I will lend you an umbrella, dear customer.

6. FAQ

Q
When do I pick お vs ご?
A

Native verbs → お (お持ちします); most する compounds → ご (ご案内します). Check a dictionary when unsure.

Q
What’s the difference between お話しします and お話しいたします?
A

Both are correct humble forms for 話す (hanasu, to speak).

お話しします: Uses the polite form します (from する). This is a standard and widely used humble expression for daily business and polite interactions.

お話しいたします: Uses いたします, which is the humble verb for する (いたす). This makes it a more formal and slightly more polite/deferential expression than お話しします. It’s often chosen in very formal settings, in service industries, or when you want to convey a particularly high level of respect.

Both are good options, but お話しいたします adds an extra layer of formality.

Q
Does お/ご〜します imply that I’m doing something for the other person, or just that I’m doing it humbly?
A

お/ご〜します primarily implies that you are performing an action for the benefit of or directed towards the listener or another person of higher status. It shows humility about your action in relation to that person. While it literally translates to “I humbly do,” the underlying nuance is often “I will do X for you,” or “I will do X towards you respectfully.”
Example: 客様きゃくさま荷物にもつをおちします。 (I will humbly carry your luggage for you.)

Q
What’s the main difference between using お/ご〜する and the “special humble verbs” (e.g., 参る, 申す, いただく)?
A

Both お/ご〜する and the special humble verbs are forms of Kenjougo (humble language).

  • Special Humble Verbs (参る, 申す, いただく): These are irregular verbs that have unique, humble replacements for common actions (go/come, say, eat/drink/receive). They are essential to memorize as they are frequently used and sound very natural.
  • お/ご〜する: This is a general pattern that allows you to make almost any verb humble, especially those that don’t have a special humble replacement. It gives you versatility to express humility for a wider range of actions. You should prioritize using the special humble verbs when they apply, and お/ご〜する for all other verbs whose actions are directed towards a superior.

Conclusion

With お + verb-stem + する / ご + stem + する you can:

  • ✅ Politely humble your own actions toward superiors or customers
  • ✅ Form negatives and past tenses with しません / しました
  • ✅ Avoid common particle and double-honorific slip-ups

Rewrite three of your daily tasks using this pattern—your Japanese politeness will level up immediately!

Want to improve your Japanese with real conversations?

Our native Japanese instructors at gokigen japanese can help you perfect your pronunciation and learn real-life usage.

Whether you’re completely new to Japanese or looking to refine your skills, book a one-on-one session.


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