XというのはYのことだ / Yということだ Meaning & Usage: “X is Y / X means Y” in Japanese

level3 (N3)

Introduction

Have you ever wanted to ask “What does this word mean?” or explain “X means Y” in Japanese?

  • How do you explain what a salaryman is?
  • How do you define a word like otaku?
  • How do you explain that 禁煙 means “you must not smoke”?

When you want to explain the meaning of a word or expression, Japanese often uses XというのはYのことだ or XというのはYということだ.


1. Meaning: What do XというのはYのことだ / Yということだ mean?

These patterns are used when explaining the meaning of a word.

They mean:

  • X is Y
  • X means Y

Core idea

  • X = the word or expression you want to explain
  • Y = its meaning or definition

2. Formation

Pattern 1: noun definition (~のことだ)

Xというのは + Y の + ことだ

Use this when Y is a noun or noun phrase.

Example 1 (noun): Keigo (敬語けいご, honorific language) refers to polite speech.

  • 敬語けいごというのは丁寧ていねい言葉ことばことだ。
  • 敬語けいごというのは丁寧ていねい言葉ことばということだ。

Example 2 (noun phrase): A salaryman is a person who works for a company and receives a salary.

  • ✅ サラリーマンというのは、会社かいしゃはたらいて給料きゅうりょうをもらうひとことだ。
  • ✖ サラリーマンというのは、会社かいしゃはたらいて給料きゅうりょうをもらうひとということだ。

Pattern 2: sentence definition (~ということだ)

Xというのは + Plain-form sentence + という + ことだ

Use this when Y is a sentence or full statement.

Example: Ryugaku (留学りゅうがく, studying abroad) means studying in another country.

  • 留学りゅうがくというのは、外国がいこく勉強べんきょうするということです。
  • 留学りゅうがくというのは、外国がいこく勉強べんきょうすることです。

Grammar breakdown

  • と (particle)
    Quotation particle. It marks the word or content being referred to.
  • いう (verb)
    Literally means “to say.” In this grammar, it helps introduce the word being defined.
  • の (particle) + は (particle)
    Turns the quoted expression into the topic of the sentence.
  • こと
    Means “thing / matter.” It is used to turn a phrase or sentence into something that can be explained as a concept.

Casual Speech: っていうのは

In casual conversation, というのは (to iu no wa) is often changed to っていうのは (tte iu no wa).

E.g., 無料むりょう (free) means that it costs zero yen.

  • [formal] 無料むりょうというのはゼロえんだということです。
  • [casual] 無料むりょうっていうのはゼロえんっていうことだ(よ)。

Extra patterns: when X or Y is an adjective

So far, the examples have used nouns and noun phrases. But X and Y can also be adjectives.

When X is an adjective:

Use the same pattern — simply place the adjective before というのは.

  • 画期的かっきてきというのは、これまでにないあたらしいアイデアや方法ほうほうのことです。= “Kakki-teki” means an idea or method that is completely new and unlike anything before.
  • うつわちいさい」というのは、ちょっとしたことでおこったり、ひとゆるせなかったりするひとのことです。= “Utsuwa ga chiisai” refers to someone who gets angry over small things or cannot forgive others.

When Y is an adjective sentence:

When the definition itself is an adjective or adjective-based sentence, use ~ということだ (not ~のことだ).

  • うつわちいさい」というのは、人間にんげんとしての度量どりょうせまいということだ。= “Utsuwa ga chiisai” means that a person has little tolerance or generosity as a human being.

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3. Useful Examples

サラリーマンというのは、会社かいしゃはたらいて給料きゅうりょうをもらうひとのことです。
A salaryman is a person who works for a company and receives a salary.


オタクというのは、アニメやマンガ、アイドルなどに熱中ねっちゅうしているひとのことです。
An “otaku” is someone who is passionate about anime, manga, pop idols, and the like.


禁煙きんえんというのは、たばこをってはいけないということです。
“Kinen” means that you must not smoke.


節約せつやくというのは、むだなおかね使つかわないようにするということです。
Setsuyaku means trying not to spend money unnecessarily.


4. Related grammar (comparison)

N1をN2と言う

N1をN2と言う is used to name something. This is very close in meaning to XというのはYのことだ, but the sentence structure is different.

E.g., Definition of the term “salaryman”

  • 会社かいしゃはたらいて給料きゅうりょうをもらうひとサラリーマンいます。= A person who works for a company and receives a salary is called a salaryman.
  • You can also say: サラリーマンというのは会社かいしゃはたらいて給料きゅうりょうをもらうひとのことです

…というN

…というN means “the N that [sentence]” or “the N saying that …”

For example:

  • どもがっているというニュース
    the news that the number of children is decreasing

…ということだ

…ということだ can also mean “I heard that …” or “according to …” depending on context.

  • 天気予報てんきよほうによると、明日あしたあめということです
    According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow.

But in this article’s pattern, ~ということだ is part of definition, not reported speech. So the meaning changes depending on the structure.

Xとは何ですか / Xって何ですか

These are very common ways to ask for a definition.

  • 「サラリーマン」とはなんですか。
    What is a salaryman?
  • オタクってなんですか。[casual]
    What is an otaku?

After a question like this, the answer is often given with:

  • XというのはYのことです
  • XというのはYということです

5. Practice

Translate the following English into Japanese using XというのはYのことだ or Yということだ.

EnglishExample Answer
禁煙きんえん means that you must not smoke.禁煙きんえんというのは、たばこをすってはいけないということです。
りょう is a place where students live.りょうというのは、学生がくせい場所ばしょのことです。
立入禁止たちいりきんし means that you must not go inside.立入禁止たちいりきんしというのは、なかはいってはいけないということです。
駐車禁止ちゅうしゃきんし means that you must not park your car.駐車禁止ちゅうしゃきんしというのは、くるまめてはいけないということです。

FAQ

Q
Do I always have to say “Xというのは” at the beginning?
A

If the topic is already clear from the conversation, you can drop the “Xというのは” part and just give the definition.

  • A: 禁煙きんえんとはなんですか。
    What does “禁煙” mean?
  • B: (禁煙というのは)たばこをすってはいけないということです。
    It means that you must not smoke.
Q
Are there other ways to ask “What does X mean?”
A

Yes! While Xとは何ですか is very common, you can also ask directly about the meaning by using the word 意味 (いみ = meaning).

  • A: 駐車禁止ちゅうしゃきんしとはどういう意味いみですか。
    What does “駐車禁止” mean?
  • B: ここにくるまめてはいけないという意味いみです。
    It means that you must not part your car here.

Conclusion

In this article, you learned how to use XというのはYのことだ and XというのはYということだ to explain the meaning of words and expressions in Japanese.

With these grammar patterns, you can now:

  • define words more naturally in Japanese,
  • choose between noun-based and sentence-based explanations,
  • and better understand other grammar with という, such as N1をN2と言う and …というN.
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