o-verb-stem-ni naru (お〜になる): Beginner’s Guide to Honorifying Japanese Verbs

level2 (N4)
o-verb-stem-ni naru (お〜になる): Beginner’s Guide to Honorifying Japanese Verbs
Source: gokigen japanese official YouTube Channel

Introduction

You already know there are a handful of special honorific verbs like いらっしゃる and 召し上がる. But how do we show respect for all the other verbs—“read,” “return,” “meet,” and so on?
The answer is the versatile pattern お + verb-stem + になる. Master this and you can honorify hundreds of actions in seconds. Let’s see how it works!


1. Structure and Meaning

Pattern: お + verb stem + になる
Meaning: “(Honored person) does/will do …”

Plain verbStemHonorific formTranslation
読みお読みになります(Someone esteemed) reads
かえ帰りお帰りになりますreturns
会いお会いになりますmeets

The subject must be the person you respect (teacher, customer, boss, etc.), never yourself.


2. How to Form It

  1. Take the ます-form, drop ます → verb stem.
  2. Add お before the stem.
  3. Add になる after it.
  4. Conjugate になる as needed.

Quick chart

Tense / PolarityFormulaExample (読む)
Present politeお + stem + になります先生せんせいはこのほんみになります
Negative politeお + stem + になりません先生はこの本を お読みになりません
Past politeお + stem + になりました先生はこの本を お読みになりました
Past negative politeお + stem + になりませんでした先生はこの本をお読みになりませんでした

3. Example Sentences

  1. 先生せんせい五時ごじかえりになります
    The teacher leaves at five.
  2. 部長ぶちょういま、お客様きゃくさまいになっています
    The department manager is meeting a client now.
  3. 社長しゃちょうはスマホを使つかいになりません
    The president doesn’t use a smartphone.
  4. 先生せんせい、もうこの論文ろんぶんみになりましたか。
    Professor, have you read this paper yet?

4. Special Case: ご-N + になる / ご-N + なさる

Note that verbs with the kanji word + する (説明せつめいする, 連絡れんらくする, 卒業そつぎょうする, etc.) structure show irregularity. These verbs may take the prefix ご instead of お, and some of them take the ご…なさる format.

PlainHonorific AHonorific B
説明する (to explain)ご説明になりますご説明なさいます
連絡する (to contract)ご連絡になりますご連絡なさいます
卒業する (to graduate)ご卒業になりますご卒業なさいます

A is perfectly polite; B feels one notch loftier.


5. Practice Drill

Convert to honorific (polite):

Plain cueAnswer
部長ぶちょうはたばこをう。部長はたばこをお吸いになります
先生せんせい英語えいごはなす。先生は英語でお話しになります
社長しゃちょうは7かける。社長は7時にお出かけになります
先輩せんぱいはおさけまない。先輩はお酒をお飲みになりません

Challenge: Honorify the verbs 書く, 作る, 歩く.


6. Common Mistakes

MistakeWhy wrongFix
× 社長は車を使いますPlain verb—sounds blunt.✓ 社長は車をお使いになります
× 私は五時にお帰りになりますNever honorify your own action.✓ 私は五時に帰ります

7. FAQ

Q
Can I use お〜になる for any verb, or are there exceptions?
A

You can apply お〜になる to almost any verb in Japanese, making it a very versatile pattern. The main exceptions are the common special honorific verbs (like いらっしゃる, 召し上がる, おっしゃる, なさる, くださる, ご覧になる) that have unique, irregular forms. For these six, you should always use their specific honorific replacement rather than お〜になる.

Q
What’s the difference between ご〜になります and ご〜なさいます for する verbs?
A

Both are correct and highly polite forms.

  • ご〜なさいます: This uses the special honorific verb なさる (for する) within the compound. It can sound slightly more formal, traditional, or carry a subtly higher degree of respect in certain contexts.
  • ご〜になります: This is a standard and perfectly polite way to honorify noun + する verbs. It’s very common and widely used.
Q
Can I combine お〜になる with the special honorific verbs (e.g., お召し上がりになります)?
A

Grammatically speaking, it’s considered incorrect because it falls under what’s called “double honorifics” (二重敬語 – nijū keigo). However, in modern Japanese, this kind of expression like お召し上がりになります is widely used, and many people don’t see any problem with it.


Conclusion

With お + verb-stem + になる you can honorify virtually any verb outside the special list. Remember:

  • ✅ Use お for native verbs, ご for many する compounds.
  • ✅ Conjugate になる for tense and negativity.
  • ✅ Never apply it to yourself.

Practice daily conversations: pick three plain sentences, convert them using this pattern, and you’ll sound respectfully fluent in no time!

Want to improve your Japanese with real conversations?

Our native Japanese instructors at gokigen japanese can help you perfect your pronunciation and learn real-life usage.

Whether you’re completely new to Japanese or looking to refine your skills, book a one-on-one session.


Author

  • gokigen japanese

    gokigen japanese is an online Japanese tutoring service launched in 2023. Flexible, interactive, and culture-rich, gokigen japanese supports learners at all levels with bilingual Japanese tutors. Over 1,000 students from 30+ countries have used our 300+ original materials, including grammar guides and cultural content.
    gokigen japanese was founded by Hirofumi Naramura, a Kyoto University graduate and former Project Leader at the Boston Consulting Group (2010–2020). The service has received recognition such as the Chiyoda CULTURE x TECH Award 2024 and acceptance into NEXs Tokyo, a startup program by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government.