How to Use Japanese i-Adjectives | Learn Oishii(おいしい), Atsui(あつい), and More

level1 (N5)
い-adjectives
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Introduction

Adjectives are key to expressing your thoughts in any language — and Japanese is no exception. In this lesson, we’ll focus on い-adjectives(い形容詞), a group of words that end with and describe what something is like.

By the end of this guide, you’ll know how to:

✔ Identify i-adjectives
✔ Make both positive and negative sentences
✔ Use the correct conjugation rules
✔ Avoid common mistakes
✔ Practice with questions and answers

Let’s begin!


What Are い-Adjectives?

い-adjectives always end with the hiragana (i).

Unlike な-adjectives, they don’t need “な” before nouns and have their own conjugation patterns.

Examples:

JapaneseEnglish
このほんあたらしいです。This book is new.
その映画えいが面白おもしろくないです。That movie is not interesting.
東京とうきょうあつですね。It’s hot in Tokyo, isn’t it?

💡 Many i-adjectives describe feelings, appearance, temperature, or impressions.


How to Conjugate い-Adjectives

Affirmative

Just add です to the base i-adjective.

AdjectiveSentenceMeaning
たのしい今日きょうたのしいです。Today is fun.
おいしいこのケーキはおいしいです。This cake is delicious.

Negative

To make a negative sentence, replace with:

  • くないです (colloquial polite)
  • くありません (more formal)
AdjectiveNegative FormExample
おいしいおいしくないですなっとうはおいしくないです。
Natto is not tasty.
たのしいたのしくありません勉強べんきょうたのしくありません。
Studying is not fun.

Special Case: いい → よくない

The adjective いい(good) is irregular.

PositiveNegative
いいですよくないです(not: いくない)

This irregular rule also applies to compound adjectives that include いい, such as かっこいい (cool, good-looking).

PositiveNegative
かっこいいですかっこよくないです(not: かっこいくない)

However, be careful! The adjective かわいい (cute) looks similar but is actually a regular i-adjective.
→ Negative form: かわいくない, not かわよくない.


Common い-Adjectives

JapaneseMeaning
あたらしい(新しい)new
ふるい(古い)old
あつい(暑い)hot (weather)
さむい(寒い)cold (weather)
おいしいdelicious
たのしい(楽しい)fun
いいgood

Practice: Affirmative and Negative

Convert these into both forms:

BaseAffirmativeNegative
あつい (hot)暑いです暑くないです / 暑くありません
さむい (cold)寒いです寒くないです / 寒くありません
ふるい (old)古いです古くないです / 古くありません
おいしい (delicious)おいしいですおいしくないです / おいしくありません
たのしい (fun)楽しいです楽しくないです / 楽しくありません
いい (good)いいですよくないです / よくありません

Q&A Practice

Try answering these using the correct i-adjective form:

日本にほんものはおいしいですか。
Is Japanese food delicious?

はい、おいしいです。/いいえ、おいしくないです。


海外旅行かいがいりょこうたのしいですか?
Is traveling abroad fun?

はい、楽しいです。/いいえ、楽しくないです。


その映画えいが面白おもしろいですか?
Is that movie interesting?

はい、面白いです。/いいえ、面白くないです。


東京とうきょうあついですか?
Is Tokyo hot?

はい、暑いです。/いいえ、暑くないです。


FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions

Q
How do I know if an adjective is い-type or な-type?
A

Check the ending. If it ends in い, it’s probably an い-adjective, but be aware of common exceptions like きれい or ゆうめい which are な-adjectives. If it doesn’t end in い, it’s a な-adjective. When in doubt, always check a dictionary!

Q
Can I use い-adjectives before nouns?
A

Yes! Example:

  • おいしいラーメン = delicious ramen
  • 古い本 = old book
Q
Is かっこいい an い-adjective?
A

Yes, and its negative form is かっこよくないです (not: ❌かっこいくないです). Be careful of this irregular reading!


Conclusion

You’ve just learned:

✅ What i-adjectives are
✅ How to make them negative
✅ How to answer and ask questions with them
✅ One irregular adjective: いい → よくない

🎯 Now try writing 3 sentences using different i-adjectives!

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Our native Japanese instructors at gokigen japanese can help you perfect your pronunciation and learn real-life usage.

Whether you’re completely new to Japanese or looking to refine your skills, book a one-on-one session.


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