How to Use Japanese i-Adjectives | Learn Oishii(おいしい), Atsui(あつい), and More

level1 (N5)
い-adjectives
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Introduction

Adjectives are key to expressing your thoughts in any language — and Japanese is no exception. In this lesson, we’ll focus on い-adjectives(い形容詞), a group of words that end with and describe what something is like.

By the end of this guide, you’ll know how to:

✔ Identify i-adjectives
✔ Make both positive and negative sentences
✔ Use the correct conjugation rules
✔ Avoid common mistakes
✔ Practice with questions and answers

Let’s begin!


What Are い-Adjectives?

い-adjectives always end with the hiragana (i).
Unlike な-adjectives, they don’t need “な” before nouns and have their own conjugation patterns.

Examples:

JapaneseEnglish
この本(ほん)は新(あたら)しいです。This book is new.
その映画(えいが)は面白(おもしろ)くないです。That movie is not interesting.
東京(とうきょう)は暑(あつ)いですね。It’s hot in Tokyo, isn’t it?

💡 Many i-adjectives describe feelings, appearance, temperature, or impressions.


How to Conjugate い-Adjectives

Affirmative

Just add です to the base i-adjective.

AdjectiveSentenceMeaning
楽(たの)しい今日(きょう)は楽しいです。Today is fun.
おいしいこのケーキはおいしいです。This cake is delicious.

Negative

To make a negative sentence, replace with:

  • くないです (colloquial polite)
  • くありません (more formal)
AdjectiveNegative FormExample
おいしいおいしくないですなっとうはおいしくないです。
Natto is not tasty.
楽しい楽しくありません勉強は楽しくありません。
Studying is not fun.

Special Case: いい → よくない

The adjective いい(good) is irregular.

PositiveNegative
いいですよくないです(not: いくない)

Common い-Adjectives

JapaneseMeaning
あたらしい(新しい)new
ふるい(古い)old
あつい(暑い)hot (weather)
さむい(寒い)cold (weather)
おいしいdelicious
たのしい(楽しい)fun
いいgood

Practice: Affirmative and Negative

Convert these into both forms:

BaseAffirmativeNegative
あつい暑いです暑くないです / 暑くありません
さむい寒いです寒くないです / 寒くありません
ふるい古いです古くないです / 古くありません
おいしいおいしいですおいしくないです / おいしくありません
たのしい楽しいです楽しくないです / 楽しくありません
いいいいですよくないです / よくありません

Q&A Practice

Try answering these using the correct i-adjective form:

  1. Q:日本の食べ物はおいしいですか?
     A:はい、おいしいです。/いいえ、おいしくないです。
  2. Q:東京は暑いですか?
     A:はい、暑いです。/いいえ、暑くないです。
  3. Q:その映画は面白いですか?
     A:はい、面白いです。/いいえ、面白くないです。
  4. Q:旅行は楽しいですか?
     A:はい、楽しいです。/いいえ、楽しくないです。

FAQ – Frequently Asked Questions

Q
How do I know if an adjective is い-type or な-type?
A

Check the ending. If it ends in い, it’s probably an い-adjective, but be aware of common exceptions like きれい or ゆうめい which are な-adjectives. If it doesn’t end in い, it’s a な-adjective. When in doubt, always check a dictionary!

Q
Can I use い-adjectives before nouns?
A

Yes! Example:

  • おいしいラーメン = delicious ramen
  • 古い本 = old book
Q
Is かっこいい an い-adjective?
A

Yes, and its negative form is かっこよくないです (not: ❌かっこいくないです). Be careful of this irregular reading!


Conclusion

You’ve just learned:

✅ What i-adjectives are
✅ How to make them negative
✅ How to answer and ask questions with them
✅ One irregular adjective: いい → よくない

🎯 Now try writing 3 sentences using different i-adjectives!

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