Introduction
Have you ever wanted to say “so that I can wake up on time” or “so that everyone can hear” in Japanese?
For example:
- How do you say “I sat at the front so I could hear the teacher better”?
- How do you say “Write it down so you don’t forget”?
- What do Japanese speakers use when they do something hoping a certain situation will come about?
When you want to express a goal you are hoping for rather than one you can simply carry out, JLPT N3 grammar ~ように (you ni) is the natural choice.
1. Meaning: What does ~ように mean?
In the pattern 「X ように Y」, the speaker does Y in the hope that the situation X will be achieved.
Common English equivalents:
- so that ~
- so that ~ can / will …
- in order for ~ to happen
- so as not to ~ (with the negative form)
Example:

先生の声がよく聞こえるように、前のほうに座った。
I sat near the front so that I could hear the teacher clearly.
The key idea: a hoped-for situation
X is not something you can just decide to do. It is a state or ability you want to come about, and Y is the concrete action you take to help it happen.
- X = the hope: 「よく聞こえる」= to be able to hear well
- Y = the action: 「前のほうに座った」= sat near the front
The two subjects can be different
A very useful feature of ~ように is that the person in X and the person doing Y do not have to be the same.
- 田中さんは、留学生がわかるように、いつもゆっくり話してくれる。
Mr. Tanaka always speaks slowly so that the international students can understand.- X’s subject = 留学生 / Y’s subject = 田中さん
2. Formation
V辞書形(dictionary form) + ように
Vない形(nai form) + ように
- 見える (to be visible) → 見えるように / 見えないように
- わかる (to understand) → わかるように / わからないように
- 忘れる (to forget) → 忘れないように
- する (to do) → するように / しないように
Most important rule: X must be a non-volitional verb
X cannot be a verb describing an action you carry out by your own will. Instead, use verbs describing things outside your direct control:
- Potential forms: 行ける、読める、起きられる、話せる
- Stative / spontaneous verbs: わかる、見える、聞こえる、ある、いる
- Intransitive verbs: 上がる、治る、入る、やわらかくなる
- Negative forms: 忘れない、遅れない、落ちない
Compare:
休みに旅行に行くように、お金をためています。
→ 行く is a volitional verb, so it cannot be used with ように.
休みに旅行に行けるように、お金をためています。
I’m saving money so that I can go on a trip during the holidays.

Practical tip: if the verb before ように feels like “I will do it,” switch it to its potential form (行く → 行ける) or use a negative (忘れる → 忘れない).
Y is often a request or instruction
Because ~ように states a purpose, the second half is frequently a command, request, or piece of advice.
Example:

私が言ったことを忘れないように、すぐにノートに書いてください。
Please write down what I said right away so you don’t forget it.
3. Useful Examples
① So that someone can do something

A: 明日、朝早いんでしょ?ちゃんと起きられるように、もう寝なさい。
B: はーい。
A:
You have an early start tomorrow, right? Go to bed now so that you can get up on time.
B: Okay.

JLPTに合格できるように、休みの日は日本語を6時間勉強しています。
To pass the JLPT, I study Japanese for six hours on my days off.
② So that something does NOT happen

風邪をひかないように、暖かくしてください。
Please keep warm so you don’t catch a cold.

約束に遅れないように、早めに家を出た。
I left home early so I wouldn’t be late for the appointment.

授業中に寝ないように、コーヒーを飲みました。
I drank coffee so as not to sleep in class.
③ When the two subjects are different
Situation: Emi is impressed by the beef stew Koki cooked.

このビーフシチュー、おいしい!
This beef stew is delicious!

よかった。肉がやわらかくなるように、昨日の晩から煮込んでおいたんだ。
Glad to hear it. I’d been simmering it since last night so that the meat would get tender.

後ろの人にも見えるように、字を大きく書いた。
I wrote in large letters so that the people at the back could see too.
4. Related grammar (comparison)
~ようになる
This pattern describes a change over time: “to come to do ~” or “to become able to ~.” It is not about purpose at all—it reports that a situation has changed.
Formation: Vる/V可能形/Vない + ようになる
- 毎日練習して、漢字が読めるようになった。= I practiced every day and became able to read kanji.
- 最近、息子は野菜を食べるようになった。= These days my son has started eating vegetables.
- タバコを吸わないようになった。= I stopped smoking (a change in habit).
Compare the two:
- 漢字が読めるように、毎日練習している。→ Purpose: I practice so that I can read kanji.
- 漢字が読めるようになった。→ Result: I have become able to read kanji.
~ようにする
This pattern means “to make an effort to ~” or “to make a point of ~ing.” Here the speaker is describing their own conscious effort, so the verb can be volitional.
Formation: Vる/Vない + ようにする
- 毎朝6時に起きるようにしています。= I make a point of getting up at six every morning.
- 夜遅く食べないようにしている。= I try not to eat late at night.
Note the useful contrast:
- ~ようにする = you make the effort (your own action).
- ~ようになる = the situation changes (a result).
- ~ように、Y = you do Y hoping the situation will come about (a purpose).
~ように言う/頼む
ように is also used to report an instruction or request indirectly.
- 先生は学生に宿題を出すように言いました。= The teacher told the students to hand in their homework.
5. Common Mistake: ように (you ni) vs. ために (tame ni)
Both express purpose, and both are often translated as “so that” or “in order to,” so learners mix them up constantly. ために tends to emphasize the subject’s determination to achieve the goal. There are two concrete rules that decide which one you need.
Rule 1: Type of verb
- ように: takes verbs you cannot control (potential, stative, intransitive, negative).
- ために: takes verbs expressing your own will.
- ✅ 休みに旅行に行くために、アルバイトをしています。(In order to go on a trip during the holidays, I’m working part-time.)
- ❌ 休みに旅行に行けるために、アルバイトをしています。
- ✅ 休みに旅行に行けるように、お金をためています。
- ❌ 休みに旅行に行くように、お金をためています。
Rule 2: Are the subjects the same?
- ために: the subjects of both halves must be the same person.
- ように: the subjects may be different.
- ✅(私は)早く起きるために、(私は)目覚まし時計をセットした。(Same subject: 私 / 私)
- ❌ ルームメイトが起きるために、私は目覚まし時計をセットした。
- ✅ ルームメイトが起きられるように、私は目覚まし時計をセットした。(I set the alarm so my roommate could wake up.)
6. Practice
Translate the following English into Japanese using ~ように.
| English | Example Answer |
|---|---|
| I sat near the front so that I could hear the teacher clearly. | 先生の声がよく聞こえるように、前のほうに座った。 |
| Please write it down right away so you don’t forget. | 忘れないように、すぐにノートに書いてください。 |
| I’m saving money so that I can go on a trip during the holidays. | 休みに旅行に行けるように、お金をためています。 |
7. FAQ
- QHow do I decide between ように and ために?
- A
Ask yourself one question: can I control the verb in front?
If it is something you simply decide to do (行く、買う、作る), use ために. If it is an ability, a state, or a negative (行ける、わかる、忘れない), use ように.
Second check: if the two halves have different subjects, only ように works.
- QWhat is the difference between ようにする and ようになる?
- A
する is an action you take; なる is a change that happens.
毎日歩くようにしている = I make a point of walking every day. (my effort)
毎日歩くようになった = I have come to walk every day. (the change that resulted)
- QCan I use ように with adjectives or nouns?
- A
Not directly. This ように attaches to verbs.
To express a hoped-for state with an adjective, turn it into a verb with なる: 肉がやわらかくなるように、長く煮込んだ。/ 元気になるように、よく寝た。
Note that ように also appears in a completely different pattern meaning “like / as” (鳥のように飛ぶ = to fly like a bird), which does attach to nouns. Judge from context which one you are seeing.
Conclusion
In this article, you learned how to use ~ように (you ni) to say “so that ~”—doing one thing in the hope that another situation will come about.
With this grammar, you can now:
- express a purpose using potential, stative, and negative verbs,
- talk about doing something for someone else’s benefit,
- and tell ように apart from ために, ようになる, and ようにする.

