~ように (You ni) Meaning & Usage: How to Say “So That ~” in Japanese

level3 (N3)

Introduction

Have you ever wanted to say “so that I can wake up on time” or “so that everyone can hear” in Japanese?

For example:

  • How do you say “I sat at the front so I could hear the teacher better”?
  • How do you say “Write it down so you don’t forget”?
  • What do Japanese speakers use when they do something hoping a certain situation will come about?

When you want to express a goal you are hoping for rather than one you can simply carry out, JLPT N3 grammar ~ように (you ni) is the natural choice.


1. Meaning: What does ~ように mean?

In the pattern 「X ように Y」, the speaker does Y in the hope that the situation X will be achieved.

Common English equivalents:

  • so that ~
  • so that ~ can / will …
  • in order for ~ to happen
  • so as not to ~ (with the negative form)

Example:

先生せんせいの声こえがよく聞きこえるように、前まえのほうに座すわった。
I sat near the front so that I could hear the teacher clearly.

The key idea: a hoped-for situation

X is not something you can just decide to do. It is a state or ability you want to come about, and Y is the concrete action you take to help it happen.

  • X = the hope: 「よく聞きこえる」= to be able to hear well
  • Y = the action: 「前まえのほうに座すわった」= sat near the front

The two subjects can be different

A very useful feature of ~ように is that the person in X and the person doing Y do not have to be the same.

  • 田中たなかさんは、留学生りゅうがくせいがわかるように、いつもゆっくり話はなしてくれる。
    Mr. Tanaka always speaks slowly so that the international students can understand.
    • X’s subject = 留学生りゅうがくせい / Y’s subject = 田中たなかさん

2. Formation

V辞書形じしょけい(dictionary form) + ように
Vない形けい(nai form) + ように

  • 見みえる (to be visible) → 見えるように / 見えないように
  • わかる (to understand) → わかるように / わからないように
  • 忘わすれる (to forget) → 忘わすれないように
  • する (to do) → するように / しないように

Most important rule: X must be a non-volitional verb

X cannot be a verb describing an action you carry out by your own will. Instead, use verbs describing things outside your direct control:

  • Potential forms: 行いける、読よめる、起おきられる、話はなせる
  • Stative / spontaneous verbs: わかる、見みえる、聞きこえる、ある、いる
  • Intransitive verbs: 上あがる、治なおる、入はいる、やわらかくなる
  • Negative forms: 忘わすれない、遅おくれない、落おちない

Compare:

休やすみに旅行りょこうに行いくように、お金かねをためています。
→ 行く is a volitional verb, so it cannot be used with ように.

休やすみに旅行りょこうに行けるように、お金かねをためています。
I’m saving money so that I can go on a trip during the holidays.

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Practical tip: if the verb before ように feels like “I will do it,” switch it to its potential form (行く → 行ける) or use a negative (忘わすれる → 忘れない).

Y is often a request or instruction

Because ~ように states a purpose, the second half is frequently a command, request, or piece of advice.

Example:

私わたしが言いったことを忘わすれないように、すぐにノートに書かいてください。
Please write down what I said right away so you don’t forget it.


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3. Useful Examples

① So that someone can do something

A: 明日あした、朝早あさはやいんでしょ?ちゃんと起おきられるように、もう寝ねなさい。
B: はーい。
A:
You have an early start tomorrow, right? Go to bed now so that you can get up on time.
B: Okay.


JLPTに合格ごうかくできるように、休やすみの日ひは日本語にほんごを6時間勉強じかんべんきょうしています。
To pass the JLPT, I study Japanese for six hours on my days off.


② So that something does NOT happen

風邪かぜをひかないように、暖あたたかくしてください。
Please keep warm so you don’t catch a cold.


約束やくそくに遅おくれないように、早はやめに家いえを出でた。
I left home early so I wouldn’t be late for the appointment.


授業中じゅぎょうちゅうに寝ねないように、コーヒーを飲のみました。
I drank coffee so as not to sleep in class.


③ When the two subjects are different

Situation: Emi is impressed by the beef stew Koki cooked.

Emi
Emi

このビーフシチュー、おいしい!
This beef stew is delicious!

Koki
Koki

よかった。肉にくがやわらかくなるように、昨日きのうの晩ばんから煮込にこんでおいたんだ。
Glad to hear it. I’d been simmering it since last night so that the meat would get tender.


後うしろの人ひとにも見みえるように、字じを大おおきく書かいた。
I wrote in large letters so that the people at the back could see too.


4. Related grammar (comparison)

~ようになる

This pattern describes a change over time: “to come to do ~” or “to become able to ~.” It is not about purpose at all—it reports that a situation has changed.

Formation: Vる/V可能形かのうけい/Vない + ようになる

  • 毎日まいにち練習れんしゅうして、漢字かんじが読よめるようになった。= I practiced every day and became able to read kanji.
  • 最近さいきん、息子むすこは野菜やさいを食たべるようになった。= These days my son has started eating vegetables.
  • タバコを吸すわないようになった。= I stopped smoking (a change in habit).

Compare the two:

  • 漢字かんじが読よめるように、毎日まいにち練習れんしゅうしている。→ Purpose: I practice so that I can read kanji.
  • 漢字が読めるようになった。→ Result: I have become able to read kanji.

~ようにする

This pattern means “to make an effort to ~” or “to make a point of ~ing.” Here the speaker is describing their own conscious effort, so the verb can be volitional.

Formation: Vる/Vない + ようにする

  • 毎朝まいあさ6時じに起おきるようにしています。= I make a point of getting up at six every morning.
  • 夜遅よるおそく食たべないようにしている。= I try not to eat late at night.

Note the useful contrast:

  • ~ようにする = you make the effort (your own action).
  • ~ようになる = the situation changes (a result).
  • ~ように、Y = you do Y hoping the situation will come about (a purpose).

~ように言いう/頼たのむ

ように is also used to report an instruction or request indirectly.

  • 先生せんせいは学生がくせいに宿題しゅくだいを出だすように言いいました。= The teacher told the students to hand in their homework.

5. Common Mistake: ように (you ni) vs. ために (tame ni)

Both express purpose, and both are often translated as “so that” or “in order to,” so learners mix them up constantly. ために tends to emphasize the subject’s determination to achieve the goal. There are two concrete rules that decide which one you need.

Rule 1: Type of verb

  • ように: takes verbs you cannot control (potential, stative, intransitive, negative).
  • ために: takes verbs expressing your own will.
  • ✅ 休やすみに旅行りょこうに行くために、アルバイトをしています。(In order to go on a trip during the holidays, I’m working part-time.)
  • ❌ 休みに旅行に行けるために、アルバイトをしています。
  • ✅ 休みに旅行に行けるように、お金かねをためています。
  • ❌ 休みに旅行に行くように、お金をためています。

Rule 2: Are the subjects the same?

  • ために: the subjects of both halves must be the same person.
  • ように: the subjects may be different.
  • ✅(私わたしは)早はやく起おきるために、(私わたしは)目覚めざまし時計どけいをセットした。(Same subject: 私 / 私)
  • ❌ ルームメイトが起おきるために、私は目覚まし時計をセットした。
  • ✅ ルームメイトが起おきられるように、私は目覚まし時計をセットした。(I set the alarm so my roommate could wake up.)

6. Practice

Translate the following English into Japanese using ~ように.

EnglishExample Answer
I sat near the front so that I could hear the teacher clearly.先生せんせいの声こえがよく聞きこえるように、前まえのほうに座すわった。
Please write it down right away so you don’t forget.忘わすれないように、すぐにノートに書かいてください。
I’m saving money so that I can go on a trip during the holidays.休やすみに旅行りょこうに行いけるように、お金かねをためています。

7. FAQ

Q
How do I decide between ように and ために?
A

Ask yourself one question: can I control the verb in front?

If it is something you simply decide to do (行いく、買かう、作つくる), use ために. If it is an ability, a state, or a negative (行いける、わかる、忘わすれない), use ように.

Second check: if the two halves have different subjects, only ように works.

Q
What is the difference between ようにする and ようになる?
A

する is an action you take; なる is a change that happens.

毎日まいにち歩あるくようにしている = I make a point of walking every day. (my effort)

毎日まいにち歩あるくようになった = I have come to walk every day. (the change that resulted)

Q
Can I use ように with adjectives or nouns?
A

Not directly. This ように attaches to verbs.

To express a hoped-for state with an adjective, turn it into a verb with なる: 肉にくがやわらかくなるように、長ながく煮込にこんだ。/ 元気げんきになるように、よく寝ねた。

Note that ように also appears in a completely different pattern meaning “like / as” (鳥とりのように飛とぶ = to fly like a bird), which does attach to nouns. Judge from context which one you are seeing.

Conclusion

In this article, you learned how to use ~ように (you ni) to say “so that ~”—doing one thing in the hope that another situation will come about.

With this grammar, you can now:

  • express a purpose using potential, stative, and negative verbs,
  • talk about doing something for someone else’s benefit,
  • and tell ように apart from ために, ようになる, and ようにする.
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